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A discussion of reoccurring themes in horror. Either in general or in specific horror genres.
Some of us didn’t quite fit in at school growing up. We were outsiders. We didn’t fit in with the popular group. We didn’t fit in anywhere. If that was you, then you can probably relate to seeing someone that you knew was out of your league. You were fascinated by this person and wondered what it would be like to get to know them, date them, or start a relationship with them. But you knew better. You knew they were out of your league and you didn’t stand a chance.
If any of that rings a bell, then this trope is for you!
Throughout the history of horror, there have always been monsters that seem to be smitten by a beauty that is out of their league. The ultimate outsiders, possibly not even the same species, yet the lovelorn creature can’t control his passions and unlike us, is willing to risk it all to get to know the object of their crush.
King Kong may have been the first of the monsters to fall for someone out of his class. But King Kong was a bit different, as he was a king, and Faye Wray was a gift to him; given first; with love blooming later. But still, he fell hard for her despite their species differentiation. About 102 stories of hard falling.
This trope has been a crucial trope of horror ever since, especially in the older days of horror but still finding its way into modern day horror on rare occasion. Perhaps one of the most well-known examples of this trope was the Gill-man from The Creature of the Black Lagoon (1954) fame, who fell hard for first Julie Adams and then later for Lori Nelson in the sequel (1955). He also paid dearly for his transgressions into mixed species coupling. (A reflection of the times perhaps?) It was the Gill-man and his unrequited love who inspired Del Toro’s award winning The Shape of Water (2017). De Toro watched this movie as a child and thought the outsider/monster should get the girl in the end. Thus, he reimagined that story for his movie.
Other examples of movies with this trope would be, Robot Monster (1953), the Hunchback of Notre Dame (1911, 23, 39, 56 etc.), and the Mummy (1932) to name a few. Why was this such a common trope? Most likely it made life easier on the writer, giving the monster a more direct reason to interact with the “heroes” of the movie. It also clearly gave the heroes a damsel-in distress to rescue; clearly delineating for the viewer who was truly a hero and who was too cowardly to try and rescue her. So, in addition to creating a threat to the female of the movie and cranking up the tension, it also helped the viewer buy into the story, give a reason for continued interaction with the monster, and lay out the characters roles easily and without a lot of work by the screenwriter. It also gave the viewers a chance to sympathize with the monster; to put ourself in its shoes. After all, we as the viewer see the beauty in the female lead, so in that way, we are like the monster, and we feel for him. He has become more human to us, which is why in the case of many of these monsters we are sad when they die despite the damage they may have done. They are less monstrous to us and more just misunderstood and unwanted. We feel for the Gill-man when he dies, despite the number of people he may have killed earlier in the movies. The same for King Kong, despite the fact he clearly had many sacrifices of native women before Anne Darrow arrived. But we have now bought int to their “romantic” side, and can be more sympathetic. That’s a lot of leg work for what we may consider a simple trope.
Another reason the trope was so intriguing to the fans is that it played on the idea of forbidden love, popular throughout time in fairy tales and folklore. The idea of “prince charming” carrying off the peasant girl or two young lovers from different social groups or clans such as in Romeo & Juliet have always been a strong draw. There is also the inner desire of many viewers to believe that love is not skin deep; that someone will see us for who we truly are and not our looks or inadequacies. This may be why we have seen more movies that play off this trope and allow the monster to get the girl in more recent years. As a culture, at least in most places, we have become more tolerant of those that are different from us and movies want to spread this more hopeful message. This may be why we see more cases where the monster does get the girl such as in Warm Bodies (2013), Edward Scissorhands (1990) and of course as mentioned, The Shape of water. Although these movies are rarely played as straight horror.
If you look closely, most of the true “monster falls for girl” movies are pre-1960s/1970’s. The trope of the beauty-smitten monster has mostly faded away except as mentioned, when used to have the monster get the girl. Why is this so? Of course, like any trope, this one may have just been over-used to the point of being worn out. But there is clearly more than that at work. For one, it is more common for our monster to be more monstrous and less sympathetic in today’s movies. For another, it isn’t needed as much. Many people cheer for the villain even if he has no shred of humanity. Freddy Kreuger and Jason didn’t need to gather pathos to make millions of fans cheer for them in each movie they appear in.
Perhaps though, the biggest reason for the vanishing of the trope is a change in attitude towards the role of women in society. Horror movies reflect the changing attitudes of the mainstream as you follow them through the years. The role of women had changed and following suit, they were no longer used in movies just as a damsel in distress, nor as mere “eye-candy” for the hero to rescue. Instead, women slowly began taking on more plot centric roles and had stronger personalities. This change in the demeanor of women gave them more to do than just being an object of fascination for the monster. And even for a monster, the idea of the woman as just something to swoon over, became outdated. The monsters too then, had woken up to the sexist attitudes of the previous times, and become more respectful, opting to kill the women ore often now instead of swooning over them.
If you’re making a movie and want to leave your audience question what they just saw, the unreliable narrator trope is probably one of the best ways to do it. Its use is a great way to tell a story and then turn the tables on your audience.
The unreliable narrator shows us the film through eyes that we can’t trust. They may be an actual narrator, or just someone heavily involved, usually, but not always the main protagonist. But they cannot be relied on. Usually this isn’t revealed until the finale of the film bust sometimes we learn from the start that they are not reliable and may be giving a false ot slanted account of things.
The narrator could be lying to cover his crimes, he could have fallen prey to lies or misdirection, or frequently, is shown to be mad or in an asylum. Horror makes great use of this trope but other movie styles have used it over the years as well; especially film noir, and crime thrillers. Unlike other genres, in horror, the ending is ambiguous. Is the character mad or is he locked up because he is telling the truth but no one believes him? This adds an extra level of horror.
To understand this better lets look at the original Invasion of the Body Snatchers from 1956. The movie follows a small town doctor who discovers an alien invasion in his hometown. At the end he escapes to another town and tells his story. We know he is telling the truth as we saw what he saw and discovered the truth through his eyes. But what if instead, the ending revealed him in a madhouse telling his story. That would make him an unreliable narrator. Is he telling us his delusions or the truth?
By adding this twist, we are left uncertain whether we can trust him. We may even begin to wonder is there is a cover up going on. In that way, the movie becomes slightly meta. We obviously know it’s a movie and not real but it creates an uncertainty in our psyche. Could this be an actual situation that is being carried out around us? Despite or conscious knowing better it leaves a disturbing taste in the recesses of our mind.
It’s hard to give examples of this phenomena as it is often meant to be a twist, and by giving examples I would be ruing that twist and a good part of the movie. Here are some examples that hopefully won’t spoil too much due to the age of the film or the situation of the narrator (Also some are not horror movies): The Usual Suspects, A Beautiful Mind, The Cabinet of Dr. Calagari, High Tension, and Messiah of Evil. If you think long enough, I’m sure you can think of other movies you have seen that use this trope.
The use of the “doppelganger” through an identical looking descendent or reincarnation is a common staple in older horror films. It goes as far back as The Mummy (1932) and even crops up occasionally in newer films. It was especially used in the 40s through the 70s. The use of this doppelganger from the past is also common in vampire movies. Nearly always, the same actor plays both the long dead character and the modern replica.
This identical character usually serves one of two plot devices in horror. In the first, the original character is the long-lost love of the monster, meaning it will focus nearly all its attention on this person, trying to regain their lost love. Examples would be The Mummy; the 1932, 1959, and 1999 versions, and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992). In these cases, they are either the very soul of the original love brought back through reincarnation, or a darn good imitation. This ploy is used by directors to help us care more about the endangered modern-day character and to create pathos for the monster. After all, he’s just trying to reunite with his long-lost lover.
The second use of this trope is the look-alike witch, villain, or a revenge seeking revenant from the past. In these cases, usually the current relative or unfortunate character isn’t a reincarnation but is a descendant instead, or just unfortunate enough to be a desirable vessel for the look a-like villain’s soul. In one case (Nightmare Castle) the look-alike is actually an unrelated Stepsister(!?).
Many films have this second use of the trope set up by a portrait hanging on the wall or hidden away, which looks identical to the young virginal maiden of the house (such as in Black Sunday – 1960) or the lord of the manor (The Haunted Palace – 1963) so the viewer won’t miss the obvious connection. In the cases where the painting is dominantly displayed, I often wonder why the family leaves their historical black sheep of the family that they are all so embarrassed by, hanging in a prominent spot.
In either of these uses of the look-alike, it creates a plot device to create a reason for the protagonist to have a vested interest in becoming involved. They know that the person they care for is in danger. It is also an easy way to bring more urgency to the situation and to set up suspense. If we know who is at risk but not when, we are waiting with anticipation for when the shoe will drop. To be honest, it may have also been used in films with lower budgets to save costs. One actor/actress costs less than 2.
One of the essential qualities exploited in horror movies is fear of those different from us. Man has been afraid of the outsider and the unknown that he represents since his days in small tribes at the beginning of his time on the planet. Who and what was outside his tribal fire in the night could kill him. As could they if he wandered too far from the safety of his own territory and into that of another tribe. The unknown/different could kill, and our ancestors carried that knowledge deep within them.
It is a fear that continues today. Taken in normal doses it can make us weary and safe in our exploration. Taken to extremes it can make us catatonic or xenophobes, with hatred of anyone we consider different or foreign.
Nearly every genre of horror touches on our fear of the unknown; mostly because it is a universal fear. But probably no horror genre uses the unknown as part of its make-up like cosmic horror does. In cosmic horror, it’s not just what is outside or around the corner. It’s what’s beyond. Heaven and hell are beyond us but at least we have an idea (real or imagined) of what they are like. In cosmic horror it is…well unknown. Which makes us, as humans, unnerved. The idea that we are facing something that goes beyond what we don’t know into something that we can’t comprehend creates more than the normal anxiousness we usually feel. We are afraid.
Still, even the most modest horror concepts can play on the unknown angle. What’s around the corner and who is killing all those people are some of the simplest uses of this fear. Every torch bearding mob we see is a reflection of our fear and distrust of those that are different; the unknown. Often the outsider deserves if, but occasionally such as in Frankenstein; they do not.
Sometimes a lesson, or at least a reflection of reality, is revealed within this trope. The idea that what we kill what we don’t understand. That our fear of “the other” is so great, we will kill it without consideration, even if it means us no harm. Even if it is just like us. A perfect example of this is the movie, The Day the Earth Stood Still. Even Dale and Tucker vs. Evil takes this approach albeit turning it on its head as it’s the fearful mob that ends up killing itself. Monster that try to help but are killed for their effort by frightened and/or hateful xenophobes are commonplace in horror.
However, in contrast it is often shown as the right thing to do in movies. No compassion is needed or shown for many monsters. We the viewers know they are evil killers, but do the mobs in the movie? Are they making an assumption because the creature is different than them, so they must be the culprit?
Regardless of whether as lessons we should learn or just blind hatred and prejudices, our fear of those that are different from us will always be showcased prominently in horror, because it is so prominent in the real world; even still today. As has been said many times, horror is just a reflection of what we fear in real life; and now as much as in our primal days, we fear the outsider.